언어별 SIGTERM 처리

📅2026-02-12 작성·🔄2026-09-17 수정·⏱2분 읽기

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언어별 SIGTERM 처리 패턴

Node.js (Express)

const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const server = app.listen(8080);

// 상태 플래그
let isShuttingDown = false;

// 헬스체크 엔드포인트
app.get('/healthz', (req, res) => {
  res.status(200).json({ status: 'ok' });
});

app.get('/ready', (req, res) => {
  if (isShuttingDown) {
    return res.status(503).json({ status: 'shutting_down' });
  }
  res.status(200).json({ status: 'ready' });
});

// 비즈니스 로직
app.get('/api/data', (req, res) => {
  if (isShuttingDown) {
    return res.status(503).send('Service Unavailable');
  }
  // 실제 로직
  res.json({ data: 'example' });
});

// Graceful Shutdown 처리
function gracefulShutdown(signal) {
  console.log(`${signal} received, starting graceful shutdown`);
  isShuttingDown = true;

  // 새 연결 거부
  server.close(() => {
    console.log('HTTP server closed');

    // DB 연결 종료
    // db.close();

    // 프로세스 종료
    process.exit(0);
  });

  // Timeout 설정 (SIGKILL 전에 완료)
  setTimeout(() => {
    console.error('Graceful shutdown timeout, forcing exit');
    process.exit(1);
  }, 50000); // terminationGracePeriodSeconds - preStop 시간 - 여유 5초
}

// SIGTERM, SIGINT 처리
process.on('SIGTERM', () => gracefulShutdown('SIGTERM'));
process.on('SIGINT', () => gracefulShutdown('SIGINT'));

console.log('Server started on port 8080');

Deployment 설정:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nodejs-app
spec:
  replicas: 3
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: app
        image: myapp/nodejs:v1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8080
          periodSeconds: 5
        lifecycle:
          preStop:
            exec:
              command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "sleep 5"]
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60

Java/Spring Boot

Spring Boot 2.3+는 Graceful Shutdown을 네이티브로 지원합니다.

application.yml:

server:
  shutdown: graceful  # Graceful Shutdown 활성화

spring:
  lifecycle:
    timeout-per-shutdown-phase: 50s  # 최대 대기 시간
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: health
  endpoint:
    health:
      probes:
        enabled: true
  health:
    livenessState:
      enabled: true
    readinessState:
      enabled: true

커스텀 종료 로직 (필요 시):

import org.springframework.context.event.ContextClosedEvent;
import org.springframework.context.event.EventListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class GracefulShutdownListener {

    @EventListener
    public void onApplicationEvent(ContextClosedEvent event) {
        System.out.println("Graceful shutdown initiated");

        // 커스텀 정리 작업
        // 예: 메시지 큐 정리, 배치 작업 완료 대기
        try {
            // 최대 50초 대기
            cleanupResources();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("Cleanup error: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    private void cleanupResources() throws InterruptedException {
        // 리소스 정리 로직
        Thread.sleep(5000); // 예시: 5초 정리 작업
        System.out.println("Cleanup completed");
    }
}

Deployment 설정:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: spring-boot-app
spec:
  replicas: 3
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: app
        image: myapp/spring-boot:v2.7
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
        env:
        - name: JAVA_OPTS
          value: "-Xms1g -Xmx2g"
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /actuator/health/readiness
            port: 8080
          periodSeconds: 5
        lifecycle:
          preStop:
            exec:
              command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "sleep 5"]
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60

Go

package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "os"
    "os/signal"
    "syscall"
    "time"
)

var isShuttingDown = false

func main() {
    // HTTP 서버 설정
    mux := http.NewServeMux()

    mux.HandleFunc("/healthz", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
        fmt.Fprintln(w, "ok")
    })

    mux.HandleFunc("/ready", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        if isShuttingDown {
            w.WriteHeader(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
            fmt.Fprintln(w, "shutting down")
            return
        }
        w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
        fmt.Fprintln(w, "ready")
    })

    mux.HandleFunc("/api/data", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        if isShuttingDown {
            w.WriteHeader(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
            return
        }
        // 비즈니스 로직
        fmt.Fprintln(w, `{"data":"example"}`)
    })

    server := &http.Server{
        Addr:    ":8080",
        Handler: mux,
    }

    // 별도 고루틴에서 서버 시작
    go func() {
        log.Println("Server starting on :8080")
        if err := server.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
            log.Fatalf("Server error: %v", err)
        }
    }()

    // SIGTERM/SIGINT 대기
    quit := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
    signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGINT)
    <-quit

    log.Println("Graceful shutdown initiated")
    isShuttingDown = true

    // Graceful shutdown with timeout
    ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 50*time.Second)
    defer cancel()

    if err := server.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Server forced to shutdown: %v", err)
    }

    log.Println("Server exited gracefully")
}

Deployment 설정:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: go-app
spec:
  replicas: 3
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: app
        image: myapp/go-app:v1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8080
          periodSeconds: 5
        lifecycle:
          preStop:
            exec:
              command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "sleep 5"]
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60

Python (Flask)

from flask import Flask, jsonify
import signal
import sys
import time
import threading

app = Flask(__name__)
is_shutting_down = False

@app.route('/healthz')
def healthz():
    return jsonify({"status": "ok"}), 200

@app.route('/ready')
def ready():
    if is_shutting_down:
        return jsonify({"status": "shutting_down"}), 503
    return jsonify({"status": "ready"}), 200

@app.route('/api/data')
def api_data():
    if is_shutting_down:
        return jsonify({"error": "service unavailable"}), 503
    return jsonify({"data": "example"}), 200

def graceful_shutdown(signum, frame):
    global is_shutting_down
    print(f"Signal {signum} received, starting graceful shutdown")
    is_shutting_down = True

    # 정리 작업 (예: DB 연결 종료)
    # db.close()

    print("Graceful shutdown completed")
    sys.exit(0)

# SIGTERM 핸들러 등록
signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, graceful_shutdown)
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, graceful_shutdown)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080)

Deployment 설정:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: python-app
spec:
  replicas: 3
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: app
        image: myapp/python-flask:v1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8080
          periodSeconds: 5
        lifecycle:
          preStop:
            exec:
              command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "sleep 5"]
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60